Poland: People & Society#
| Population | 38,523,261 (July 2016 est.) |
|---|---|
| Nationality | noun: Pole(s) adjective: Polish |
| Ethnic groups | Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% note: represents ethnicity declared first (2011 est.) |
| Languages | Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3% note: data represents the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.) |
| Religions | Catholic 87.2% (includes Roman Catholic 86.9% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 10.8% (2012 est.) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 14.72% (male 2,915,840/female 2,754,098) 15-24 years: 11.11% (male 2,195,587/female 2,082,634) 25-54 years: 43.5% (male 8,456,789/female 8,301,167) 55-64 years: 14.42% (male 2,623,838/female 2,931,215) 65 years and over: 16.26% (male 2,460,648/female 3,801,445) (2016 est.) |
| Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 43.8% youth dependency ratio: 21.5% elderly dependency ratio: 22.3% potential support ratio: 4.5% (2015 est.) |
| Median age | total: 40.3 years male: 38.6 years female: 42 years (2016 est.) |
| Population growth rate | -0.11% (2016 est.) |
| Birth rate | 9.6 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
| Death rate | 10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
| Net migration rate | -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
| Population distribution | population concentrated in the southern (Krakow) and central (Warsaw, Lodz) areas, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk |
| Urbanization | urban population: 60.5% of total population (2015) rate of urbanization: -0.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) |
| Major urban areas - population | WARSAW (capital) 1.722 million; Krakow 760,000 (2015) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.) |
| Mother's mean age at first birth | 27.2 (2013 est.) |
| Maternal mortality rate | 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 77.6 years male: 73.7 years female: 81.7 years (2016 est.) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.34 children born/woman (2016 est.) |
| Health expenditures | 6.4% of GDP (2014) |
| Physicians density | 2.22 physicians/1,000 population (2012) |
| Hospital bed density | 6.5 beds/1,000 population (2011) |
| Drinking water source | improved: urban: 99.3% of population rural: 96.9% of population total: 98.3% of population unimproved: urban: 0.7% of population rural: 3.1% of population total: 1.7% of population (2015 est.) |
| Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 97.5% of population rural: 96.7% of population total: 97.2% of population unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population rural: 3.3% of population total: 2.8% of population (2015 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.07% (2014 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA |
| Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: intermediate vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2016) |
| Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 27% (2014) |
| Education expenditures | 4.9% of GDP (2013) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.9% female: 99.7% (2015 est.) |
| School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2013) |
| Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 | total: 23.9% male: 22.7% female: 25.5% (2014 est.) |