| Name | Category | Year | Motivation |
|---|
| Alexei A. Abrikosov | Physics | 2003 | "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" |
| Martti Ahtisaari | Peace | 2008 | "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts" |
| Zhores I. Alferov | Physics | 2000 | "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics" |
| Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov | Physics | 1964 | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" |
| Ales Bialiatski | Peace | 2022 | “The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy” |
| Joseph Brodsky | Literature | 1987 | "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity" |
| Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin | Literature | 1933 | "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing" |
| Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov | Physics | 1958 | "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" |
| Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank | Physics | 1958 | "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" |
| Andre Geim | Physics | 2010 | "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" |
| Vitaly L. Ginzburg | Physics | 2003 | "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" |
| Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev | Peace | 1990 | "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community" |
| Leonid Hurwicz | Economics | 2007 | "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" |
| Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich | Economics | 1975 | "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" |
| Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa | Physics | 1978 | "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" |
| Paul Karrer | Chemistry | 1937 | "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" |
| Lev Davidovich Landau | Physics | 1962 | "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" |
| Wassily Leontief | Economics | 1973 | "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems" |
| Fritz Albert Lipmann | Medicine | 1953 | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" |
| Memorial | Peace | 2022 | “The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy” |
| Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov | Peace | 2021 | "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace." |
| Konstantin Novoselov | Physics | 2010 | "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" |
| Boris Leonidovich Pasternak | Literature | 1958 | "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" |
| Ivan Petrovich Pavlov | Medicine | 1904 | "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged" |
| Ilya Prigogine | Chemistry | 1977 | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" |
| Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov | Physics | 1964 | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" |
| Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov | Peace | 1975 | |
| Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov | Chemistry | 1956 | "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" |
| Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov | Literature | 1965 | "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people" |
| Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn | Literature | 1970 | "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature" |
| Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm | Physics | 1958 | "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" |
| Otto Wallach | Chemistry | 1910 | "in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" |
| Wilhelm Wien | Physics | 1911 | "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat" |