Peru: Government#
| Country name | conventional long form: Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru etymology: exact meaning is obscure, but the name may derive from a native word "biru" meaning "river" |
|---|---|
| Government type | presidential republic |
| Capital | Lima
Lima
geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) |
| Administrative divisions | 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali note: Callao, the largest port in Peru, is also referred to as a constitutional province, the only province of the the Callao region |
| Independence | 28 July 1821 (from Spain) |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 28 July (1821) |
| Constitution | several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016) |
| Legal system | civil law system |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Citizenship | citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70 |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (since 28 July 2016); First Vice President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo (since 28 July 2016); Second Vice President Mercedes Rosalba ARAOZ Fernandez (since 28 July 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (since 28 July 2016); First Vice President Martin Alberto VIZCARRA Cornejo (since 28 July 2016); Second Vice President Mercedes Rosalba ARAOZ Fernandez (since 28 July 2016) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms); election last held on 10 April 2016 with runoff on 5 June 2016 (next to be held in April 2021) election results: Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president; first round election results from 10 April 2016: percent of vote - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 39.85%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 21%, Veronika MENDOZA 18.82%, Alfredo BARNECHEA 6.97%, Alan GARCIA 5.82%; second round election results from 5 June 2016: percent of vote - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (Peruanos Por el Kambio) 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (Fuerza Popular) 49.9% note: Prime Minister Fernando ZAVALA Lombardi (since 28 July 2016) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president |
| Legislative branch | description: unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (130 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) elections: last held on 10 April 2016 with run-off election on 6 June 2016 (next to be held in April 2021) election results: percent of vote by party - Fuerza Popular 36.34%, PPK 16.47%, Frente Amplio 13.94%, APP 9.23%; APRA 8.31%; AP 7.20%, other 8.51%; seats by party - Fuerza Popular 71, PPK 20, Frente Amplio 20, APP 9; APRA 5; AP 5 |
| Judicial branch | highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors) judge selection and term of office: justices proposed by the National Council of the Judiciary or National Judicial Council (a 7-member independent body), nominated by the president, and confirmed by the Congress (all appointments reviewed by the Council every 7 years); justices appointed for life or until age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Constitutional Guarantees; Superior Courts or Cortes Superiores; specialized civil, criminal, and mixed courts; 2 types of peace courts in which professional judges and selected members of the local communities preside |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso) or APP (Cesar ACUNA Peralta) Broad Front (Frente Amplio; also known as El Frente Amplio por Justicia, Vida y Libertad), a coalition of left-of-center parties including Tierra y Libertad (Marco ARANA Zegarra), Ciudadanos por el Gran Cambio (Salomon LERNER Ghitis), and Fuerza Social (Susana VILLARAN de la Puente) Fuerza Popular (formerly Fuerza 2011) (Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi) National Solidarity (Solidaridad Nacional) or SN (Luis CASTANEDA Lossio) Peru Posible or PP (a coalition of Accion Popular and Somos Peru) (Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique) Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP (Alan GARCIA Perez) (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA) Peruvian Nationalist Party (Ollanta HUMALA) Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio) or PPK (Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI) Popular Action (Accion Popular) or AP (Mesias GUEVARA Amasifuen) Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular Cristiano) or PPC (Lourdes FLORES Nano) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP (Mario HUAMAN) Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) or SL (Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE Palomino (top leader at-large)) (leftist guerrilla group) |
| International organization participation | APEC, BIS, CAN, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos Jose PAREJA Rios (since 16 September 2016) chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (1) (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: (1) (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (NJ), San Francisco, Washington DC |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Brian A. NICHOLS (since 30 June 2014) embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17 s/n, Surco, Lima 33 mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000 telephone: (51) (1) 618-2000 FAX: (51) (1) 618-2397 |
| Flag description | three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna (representing fauna), a cinchona tree (the source of quinine, signifying flora), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out coins (denoting mineral wealth); red recalls blood shed for independence, white symbolizes peace |
| National symbol(s) | vicuna (a camelid related to the llama); national colors: red, white |
| National anthem | name: "Himno Nacional del Peru" (National Anthem of Peru) lyrics/music: Jose DE LA TORRE Ugarte/Jose Bernardo ALZEDO note: adopted 1822; the song won a national anthem contest |